Methanol and chemicals like urea and ammonia, which are the building blocks of many fertilizers, can be produced via the gasification process. Additionally, gasification can assist in the production of transportation fuels from biomass, coal, oil, and sands. Drying, pyrolysis, combustion, cracking, and reduction are the five distinct thermal processes that make up gasification. Drying removes moisture from the feedstock, while pyrolysis breaks down complex hydrocarbons into simpler molecules. Combustion provides the necessary heat, and cracking breaks down heavy tar compounds. Finally, the reduction stage converts the remaining carbon into useful gases. Gasification is an efficient way to extract energy from carbon-rich materials, reducing waste and emissions. Gasifiers can be broadly divided into three categories: (i) fluidized-bed gasifiers; (ii) entrained-flow gasifiers; and (iii) fixed-bed gasifiers, also known as moving-bed gasifiers. Each type has its own advantages, with fluidized-bed gasifiers offering high efficiency and flexibility, entrained-flow gasifiers ensuring complete gasification at high temperatures, and fixed-bed gasifiers being well-suited for small-scale applications.

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1. Man Kee Lam et al. Chapter 9 - Biohydrogen Production From Algae. In: Ashok Pandey, S. Venkata Mohan, Jo-Shu Chang, Patrick C. Hallenbeck, Christian Larroche (Eds.), Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals, Biohydrogen (Second Edition), Elsevier, 2019, pp. 219-245.

2. Revathy Sankaran et al. Chapter 19 - Exploitation and Biorefinery of Microalgae. In: Thallada Bhaskar, Ashok Pandey, S. Venkata Mohan, Duu-Jong Lee, Samir Kumar Khanal (Eds.), Waste Biorefinery, Elsevier, 2018, pp. 571-601.

3. K. Aasberg-Petersen et al. Chapter 4 - Synthesis Gas Production for FT Synthesis. In: André Steynberg, Mark Dry (Eds.), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Elsevier, Volume 152, 2004, pp. 258-405.

4. Usama Ahmed et al. IGCC Modelling for Simultaneous Power Generation and CO₂ Capture. In: Krist V. Gernaey, Jakob K. Huusom, Rafiqul Gani (Eds.), Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Elsevier, Volume 37, 2015, pp. 2381-2386.

5. Shah H. H. et al. A Review on Gasification and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2023, 10:960894.

6. Maximilian Lackner et al. Biomass Gasification as a Scalable, Green Route to Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and Synthesis Gas for Materials: A Review. Fuels, 2024, 5(4), 625-649.

7. Li W., Wang C., Yu Z. et al. Catalytic Coal Gasification: Mechanism, Kinetics, and Reactor Model. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, 2024, 11, 67.

8. Torbjörn A. Lestander et al. Gasification of Pure and Mixed Feedstock Components: Effect on Syngas Composition and Gasification Efficiency. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 369, 133330.

9. Carine T. Alves et al. A Review of the Thermochemistries of Biomass Gasification and Utilisation of Gas Products. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 2023, 7, 3505-3540.

10. Karthikeyan D. Ramachandriya et al. Critical Factors Affecting the Integration of Biomass Gasification and Syngas Fermentation Technology. AIMS Bioengineering, 2016, 3(2), 188-210.

11. Gao Y. et al. Syngas Production from Biomass Gasification: Influences of Feedstock Properties, Reactor Type, and Reaction Parameters. ACS Omega, 2023, 8(35), 31620-31631.

12. Katsuhiko Takagi et al. Novel Gasification Process of Waste Plastics by Using By-product Gas Generated in Steelmaking Process. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 2013, 92, 1167-1172.

Methanol and chemicals like urea and ammonia, which are the building blocks of many fertilizers, can be produced via the gasification process. Additionally, gasification can assist in the production of transportation fuels from biomass, coal, oil, and sands. Drying, pyrolysis, combustion, cracking, and reduction are the five distinct thermal processes that make up gasification. Drying removes moisture from the feedstock, while pyrolysis breaks down complex hydrocarbons into simpler molecules. Combustion provides the necessary heat, and cracking breaks down heavy tar compounds. Finally, the reduction stage converts the remaining carbon into useful gases. Gasification is an efficient way to extract energy from carbon-rich materials, reducing waste and emissions. Gasifiers can be broadly divided into three categories: (i) fluidized-bed gasifiers; (ii) entrained-flow gasifiers; and (iii) fixed-bed gasifiers, also known as moving-bed gasifiers. Each type has its own advantages, with fluidized-bed gasifiers offering high efficiency and flexibility, entrained-flow gasifiers ensuring complete gasification at high temperatures, and fixed-bed gasifiers being well-suited for small-scale applications.

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Man Kee Lam et al. Chapter 9 - Biohydrogen Production From Algae. In: Ashok Pandey, S. Venkata Mohan, Jo-Shu Chang, Patrick C. Hallenbeck, Christian Larroche (Eds.), Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals, Biohydrogen (Second Edition), Elsevier, 2019, pp. 219-245.

2. Revathy Sankaran et al. Chapter 19 - Exploitation and Biorefinery of Microalgae. In: Thallada Bhaskar, Ashok Pandey, S. Venkata Mohan, Duu-Jong Lee, Samir Kumar Khanal (Eds.), Waste Biorefinery, Elsevier, 2018, pp. 571-601.

3. K. Aasberg-Petersen et al. Chapter 4 - Synthesis Gas Production for FT Synthesis. In: André Steynberg, Mark Dry (Eds.), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Elsevier, Volume 152, 2004, pp. 258-405.

4. Usama Ahmed et al. IGCC Modelling for Simultaneous Power Generation and CO₂ Capture. In: Krist V. Gernaey, Jakob K. Huusom, Rafiqul Gani (Eds.), Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Elsevier, Volume 37, 2015, pp. 2381-2386.

5. Shah H. H. et al. A Review on Gasification and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2023, 10:960894.

6. Maximilian Lackner et al. Biomass Gasification as a Scalable, Green Route to Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and Synthesis Gas for Materials: A Review. Fuels, 2024, 5(4), 625-649.

7. Li W., Wang C., Yu Z. et al. Catalytic Coal Gasification: Mechanism, Kinetics, and Reactor Model. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, 2024, 11, 67.

8. Torbjörn A. Lestander et al. Gasification of Pure and Mixed Feedstock Components: Effect on Syngas Composition and Gasification Efficiency. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 369, 133330.

9. Carine T. Alves et al. A Review of the Thermochemistries of Biomass Gasification and Utilisation of Gas Products. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 2023, 7, 3505-3540.

10. Karthikeyan D. Ramachandriya et al. Critical Factors Affecting the Integration of Biomass Gasification and Syngas Fermentation Technology. AIMS Bioengineering, 2016, 3(2), 188-210.

11. Gao Y. et al. Syngas Production from Biomass Gasification: Influences of Feedstock Properties, Reactor Type, and Reaction Parameters. ACS Omega, 2023, 8(35), 31620-31631.

12. Katsuhiko Takagi et al. Novel Gasification Process of Waste Plastics by Using By-product Gas Generated in Steelmaking Process. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 2013, 92, 1167-1172.