Biopesticides, which are commonly employed to combat harmful phytopathogens, are derived products made from living microbes, including plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and minerals, as well as their bioproducts. In contrast to synthetic fungicides, the use of biopesticides in agricultural fields is a more cost-effective, environmentally safe, and target-specific method due to their biodegradability and environmental safety. Trichoderma spp.-based biofungicides are currently regarded as the most promising and dominant commercial biofungicide in the global biopesticide market, outside of all the various biocontrol agents (BCAs) used worldwide. Available in various formulations, Trichoderma-based biopesticides account for over 60% of all fungal-based BCAs. The reason for its increased popularity is biocontrol mechanisms, which include competition, antibiosis, colonization, direct mycoparasitism, and more. These mechanisms are used to combat a variety of phytopathogens, including those that are foliar (Phyllactinia, Colletotrichum, Cladosporium spp.), post-harvest (Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Botrytis spp.), and soil (Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Macrophomina, Phytophthora spp.). We have covered the rationale behind Trichoderma sp.'s widespread use as a BCA and its market domination in the world of biofungicides in this chapter. Although chemical fungicides are still widely employed to prevent Fusarium wilt in chrysanthemum plants, they are no longer regarded as environmentally beneficial. To lessen the usage of chemical fungicides, bio-fungicides are one of the greatest substitutes

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1. Albert Akhmedovich Khakimov ., Alisher Urazalievich Omonlikov ., Samad Bobomurod Ugli Utagano., Associate Professor of  the Department of Agrobiotechnology., Tashkent State Agrarian University., Tashkent., Uzbekistan. December 2020.
2. Food and Agriculture Orgnization of
3. S. Ayilara., B. S. Adeleke., S. A. Akinola et al., “Biopesticides as a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides: a case for microbial pesticides, phytopesticides, and nanobiopesticides,” Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 14, Article ID 1040901, 2023
4. D.,(2017) Microorganisms as a biopesticides, Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5: 468–473.
5. Lahlali., S. Ezrari., N Radouane et al.,(2022)Biological control of plant pathogens: a global perspective, Microorganisms, 10: 596.

6. D. Gikas., P. Parlakidis., T. Mavropoulos., and Z. Vryzas.,(2022) “Particularities of fungicides and factors afecting their fate and removal efcacy: a review,” Sustainability, 14:4056.
7. Fenta, H. Mekonnen and N. Kabtimer (2023) The exploitation of microbial antagonists against postharvest plant pathogens, Microorganisms. 11:1044.
8. G¨uven., T. Aydin., I. Karaca., and T. Butt.,(2021) Biopesticides ¨ ofer an environmentally friendly solution for control of pine processionary moth (Taumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams) larvae and pupae in urban areas,” Biocontrol Science and Technology, 31: 35–52.
9. Schulz., S. Haas., C. Junker., N. Andr´ee., and M. Schobert.,(2015) Fungal endophytes are involved in multiple balanced antagonisms. Current Science, 109: 39–45.
10. A. Nunes.,(2012) Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruit, European Journal of Plant Pathology, 13:181–196.
11. Elad.,(2016) Cultural and integrated control of Botrytis spp, Botrytis–the Fungus, the Pathogen and its Management in Agricultural Systems, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 149-164.
12. Daryaei., E. E. Jones., T. R. Glare., and R. E. Falloon.,(2016) pH and water activity in culture media afect biological control activity of Trichoderma atroviride against Rhizoctonia solani, Biological Control, 92: 24–30.

Biopesticides, which are commonly employed to combat harmful phytopathogens, are derived products made from living microbes, including plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and minerals, as well as their bioproducts. In contrast to synthetic fungicides, the use of biopesticides in agricultural fields is a more cost-effective, environmentally safe, and target-specific method due to their biodegradability and environmental safety. Trichoderma spp.-based biofungicides are currently regarded as the most promising and dominant commercial biofungicide in the global biopesticide market, outside of all the various biocontrol agents (BCAs) used worldwide. Available in various formulations, Trichoderma-based biopesticides account for over 60% of all fungal-based BCAs. The reason for its increased popularity is biocontrol mechanisms, which include competition, antibiosis, colonization, direct mycoparasitism, and more. These mechanisms are used to combat a variety of phytopathogens, including those that are foliar (Phyllactinia, Colletotrichum, Cladosporium spp.), post-harvest (Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Botrytis spp.), and soil (Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Macrophomina, Phytophthora spp.). We have covered the rationale behind Trichoderma sp.'s widespread use as a BCA and its market domination in the world of biofungicides in this chapter. Although chemical fungicides are still widely employed to prevent Fusarium wilt in chrysanthemum plants, they are no longer regarded as environmentally beneficial. To lessen the usage of chemical fungicides, bio-fungicides are one of the greatest substitutes

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

1. Albert Akhmedovich Khakimov ., Alisher Urazalievich Omonlikov ., Samad Bobomurod Ugli Utagano., Associate Professor of  the Department of Agrobiotechnology., Tashkent State Agrarian University., Tashkent., Uzbekistan. December 2020.
2. Food and Agriculture Orgnization of
3. S. Ayilara., B. S. Adeleke., S. A. Akinola et al., “Biopesticides as a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides: a case for microbial pesticides, phytopesticides, and nanobiopesticides,” Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 14, Article ID 1040901, 2023
4. D.,(2017) Microorganisms as a biopesticides, Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5: 468–473.
5. Lahlali., S. Ezrari., N Radouane et al.,(2022)Biological control of plant pathogens: a global perspective, Microorganisms, 10: 596.

6. D. Gikas., P. Parlakidis., T. Mavropoulos., and Z. Vryzas.,(2022) “Particularities of fungicides and factors afecting their fate and removal efcacy: a review,” Sustainability, 14:4056.
7. Fenta, H. Mekonnen and N. Kabtimer (2023) The exploitation of microbial antagonists against postharvest plant pathogens, Microorganisms. 11:1044.
8. G¨uven., T. Aydin., I. Karaca., and T. Butt.,(2021) Biopesticides ¨ ofer an environmentally friendly solution for control of pine processionary moth (Taumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams) larvae and pupae in urban areas,” Biocontrol Science and Technology, 31: 35–52.
9. Schulz., S. Haas., C. Junker., N. Andr´ee., and M. Schobert.,(2015) Fungal endophytes are involved in multiple balanced antagonisms. Current Science, 109: 39–45.
10. A. Nunes.,(2012) Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruit, European Journal of Plant Pathology, 13:181–196.
11. Elad.,(2016) Cultural and integrated control of Botrytis spp, Botrytis–the Fungus, the Pathogen and its Management in Agricultural Systems, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 149-164.
12. Daryaei., E. E. Jones., T. R. Glare., and R. E. Falloon.,(2016) pH and water activity in culture media afect biological control activity of Trichoderma atroviride against Rhizoctonia solani, Biological Control, 92: 24–30.