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118 articles for “laws”
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Evaluation of the Influence of Political Economy on the Physical Planning Mechanism and the Governance of Urban Planning System in Bangladesh
Abstract: Political economy most regularly alludes to interdisciplinary examinations drawing upon financial matters, political theory, law, history, humanism and different teaches in clarifying the critical job of political factors in deciding financial results. The points of view of political economy empower us to examine the nation and division situations, for chances to use existing positive drivers of progress to make sensible estimations of the dangers and difficulties included. This suggests taking …
Published in International Journal of Town Planning and Management · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Investigation on the Viability and Performance of Justicia Carnea Plant Extracts Treated on Crude Oil Remediation in Loamy Soil
Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the viability and the performance of Justicia carnea plant extracts treated with direct sunlight and the absence of sunlight on the bioremediation process of crude oil contaminated loamy soils sample obtained from the Otari community in Abua Local Government Area of Rivers State of Nigeria. Total petroleum hydrocarbon degraded, total microbial count, pH, amount of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, soil total organic carbon, …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 1–21 Read article
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Modern Techniques of Irrigation to Farm
Abstract: Irrigation, often known as watering, is the agricultural practise of applying controlled amounts of water to land to aid in the development of crops, as well as to produce landscaping plants and lawns. Rainfed agriculture is agriculture that does not use irrigation and instead relies solely on direct rainfall. It is the process of artificially hydrating land it does not receive adequate rainfall. It's also the process of applying water …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 33–37 Read article
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Future Outlook of Green Chemistry
Abstract: Chemistry brought about medical revolution till about the middle of 20th century in which drugs and antibiotics were discovered. The world’s food supply also increased immensely due to the innovation of hybrid varieties, enhanced methods of agriculture, better seeds, and use of herbicides, fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides. The quality of life on earth became much better due to the discovery of dyes, plastics, cosmetics and other materials. Soon, the ill …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 27–32 Read article
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Spectrophotometric Determination of Salicylates in Urine using 3-Methylbenzthiazolinone – 2 – hydrazone
Abstract: A sensitive (direct or with column partition chromatography) spectrophotometric method for the determination of salicylates in urine using 3 – methylbenzthiazolinone - 2 – hydrazone in the presence of ceric ammonium sulfate as an oxidizing agent is presented. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0 – 1.6 µg ml -1. The method is accurately reproducible and can be applied in the analysis of salicylates in urine. The …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 14–17 Read article
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A Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Diazepam with MBTH
Abstract: A sensitive, specific spectrophotometric method for the determination of diazepam in bulk drug and formulations has been developed. The diazepam is hydrolyzed to yield 2-Methylamino-5- chlorobenzophenone which is coupled with 3-Methyl benzthiazolinone-2-hydrazone, in the presence of ceric ammonium sulphate as an oxidizing agent, to yield a blue colored solution having an absorbance maximum at 585 nm. It obeys Beer’s law in the concentration range of 0 – 4 µg / …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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To Determine the Concentration of Paracetamol Solution by Calibration Curve Method Using UV-Visible Spectrophotometry
Abstract: A new method of spectrophotometric assessment in the UV-region has been developed for the analysis of acetaminophen in tablet form. This method, which uses Methanol and water as diluents, was developed and evaluated for the analysis of paracetamol. In spectrophotometric estimations, this does not reveal any interference. UV-Visible spectrophotometry is one of the most widely used techniques in pharmaceutical analysis. It comprises estimating the amount of UV or visible radiation …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 45–51 Read article
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Solubility Enhancement of Theophylline Drug Using Mixed Solvency Approach
Abstract: “Solubility enhancement” is one of the difficult tasks that have become a great challenge in formulation development of orally administered drugs having poor aqueous solubility. Poor aqueous solubility of drugs creates significant problems in producing formulations of sufficiently high bioavailability, thereby preventing the effective usage of these drugs. With the introduction of the concept of “mixed-solvency,” it is feasible to increase the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs in aqueous solutions …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Hydrogenation of dimethyl-nitrobenzene to dimethyl-aniline in a three-phase Reactor
Abstract: The liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation of dimethyl-nitrobenzene (DN) to Dimethyl-aniline (DA) was carried out in ethanol using 5% Pd/C as a catalyst. The effects of hydrogen partial pressure (400–1000 kPa), reaction temperature (343–403 ), catalyst loading (5–15 g/lit), speed of stirring range (200-800 rpm) and dimethyl-nitrobenzene concentration (0.12–0.75 mol/lit) on the hydrogenation of dimethyl-nitrobenzene and the yield of Dimethyl-aniline have been studied. Dimethyl-aniline was the only reaction product, generated through the …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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An Analytical Approach to Calculate the One-Dimensional Drift Velocity in Bubble Columns
Abstract: The design and scale-up of a bubble column reactor require a complete understanding of its complex hydrodynamics, which is influenced by the physical properties of the phases, the operating variables, and the design parameters. Current design procedures for bubble columns involve several steps of pilot-plant experimentation, which is expensive and time-consuming. One of the critical unknown parameters involved in designing any gas-liquid system is the gas holdup. The gas holdup …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Environmental Impacts of Water Pollution
Abstract: Water is required for all life forms to exist. Water is essential for agriculture, industry, fishing, and tourism, among other things, in addition to household uses. Water availability has decreased as the world's population, urbanization, and industrialization have increased. The quality of the water used is also deteriorating as it becomes increasingly polluted. You've probably heard about some of the health harm or adverse consequences of water contamination. This teachable …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 46–49 Read article
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Determination of the Flow Velocity Resistance in Non- Submerged Woody Plants
Abstract: Vegetation on the bank of a river or stream has a major influence on resistance, velocity distribution,and turbulence force. The resistance to flow in open channels depends on different channel and flow parameters. Out of many factors, vegetation is the mainly important parameter in open channels. In this study have been five points to measure the velocity in the channel. The experimental work has been done by a rectangular channel …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Review Paper on Mannich Bases for Heterocyclic Compound Synthesis
Abstract: Mannich bases are the Lewis bases which are β-amino carbonyl compounds synthesized as the endproducts of well known condensation reaction known as Mannich reaction. These are theaminoalkylation reactions involving the formation of carbon-carbon, carbon-Nitrogen, carbonsulphurbonds. Mannich bases of 2-furylmethylketone, catechol, 4-chlorophenol, derivative ofberberine, lawsone, anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde show diversity of biological activities. Mannichreaction is a carbon-carbon bond forming nucleophilic addition reaction and is a key step in synthesisof a widespread variety …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 39–50 Read article
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Kinetics and Mechanism of Ruthenium(III) Catalysed Oxidation of L-Arginine by Periodate in Alkaline Medium
Abstract: The kinetics of the ruthenium(III) catalysed oxidation of L-arginine by periodate was studied spectrophotometrically in alkaline medium at 280 nm and at a temperature 35 ± 0.1°C. It was found that the reaction is first order with respect to [catalyst] and [periodate]. The reaction showed fractional order dependence on [substrate] and [alkali]. The oxidation product of the reaction was found to be aldehyde. The anionic species of arginine (Arg) is …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 12–20 Read article
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The decomposition of tris-(oxalato)-manganate (III) complex ion as the reaction suitable for the laboratory practice on chemical kinetics
Abstract: The complex ion [Mn(C2O4)3]3- is very photosensitive and rapidly decomposes at the daylight even at ambient temperatures. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, its kinetic equation obeys the pseudo-first order. In addition, the tris-(oxalate)-manganate ion has a low thermal stability, and the reaction of its decomposition is highly affected by temperature. This makes this reaction very suitable for demonstrating the laws of chemical kinetics to the students – …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Reduction of Some Carbonyl Compounds with Sodium Dithionite in Aqueous Alkaline Medium
Abstract: Kinetics of the reduction of some carbonyl compounds (acetophenone, benzophenone, benzaldehyde, and salicylaldehyde) with sodium dithionite was studied at 28± 0.5oC and basic concentration in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 mol dm-3 (NaHCO3). Under these conditions, the reaction rates were found to be first order with respect to sodium dithionite as plot of log kobs versus log [S2O42-] showed linearity to about 95% extent of reaction, however, the overall …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 11–19 Read article
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A Dynamic Role of Thermodynamics Chemistry in Refrigeration and Air Conditioner Devices
Abstract: Thermodynamics plays a very crucial role in our daily life. Almost all the activities that we do or observe are all based on the principles of thermodynamics. Here, some of the common routine activities of refrigeration and air conditioners are brought into limelight that is explained by the phenomenon of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work. It …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 19–25 Read article
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Review of Thermodynamic Effect on Atmosphere
Abstract: The study of heat-to-work transitions that occur in the earth's atmosphere and manifest as weather or climate is known as atmospheric thermodynamics. The laws of classical thermodynamics are used in atmospheric thermodynamics to describe and explain phenomena such as moist air characteristics, cloud formation, atmospheric convection, boundary layer meteorology, and vertical instabilities in the atmosphere. Thermodynamics is more specifically concerned with the conversions of energy into mechanical energy and mechanical …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 38–43 Read article
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High-rate Deformation of Condensed Matter Followed by Self-Organization on the Mesoscale
Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the advantages of the developed self-consistent non-local approach to the description of processes in condensed matter far from local thermodynamic equilibrium and new opportunities for understanding and practical use of such phenomena as self-organization, multi-scale energy exchange and turbulence. This interdisciplinary approach, based on rigorous results obtained in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics with the use of feedback control laws, offers a universal mathematical …
Published in International journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 13–38 Read article
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Analysis of Political Risks Affecting International Construction projects in Malaysia
Abstract: With the stable development of economy and a series of policies encouraging foreign investment and infrastructure construction, Malaysia becomes more attractive for international construction contractors. However, there is a lack of analysis of relevant political risks in Malaysia in previous literature. This paper aims to analyze the political risks affecting international construction projects in Malaysia. An assessment system with 11 political risk factors were established to calculate the scores of …
Published in International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 10–27 Read article