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325 articles for “synthesis”
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Review on the Synthesis, Reactions, Biological Importance and Application of Phthalic Anhydride
Abstract: Phthalic anhydride (also known as IUPAC name: benzofurandione), abbreviated PA, represents a cyclic organic substance derived through the oxidative transformation of xylene or naphthalene compounds. The coexistence of the benzene and furan-1, 3-dione ring structures significantly contributes to the formation of numerous heterocycles and certain polycyclic molecules. In organic chemistry, the aromatic system within para-amino benzoic acid acts as a reactive site towards double bond-containing molecules like those featuring an …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 12–20 Read article
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Synthesis, computational analysis and biological evaluation of novel thiazolidinone derivatives
Abstract: Through multicomponent methods including 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde,(1- methylpiperidin-4-yl) methanamine and thioglycolic acid, the work focuses on creating and assessing the antibacterial characteristics of a new 4-thiazolidinone heterocyclic. Spectral testing was used to validate the molecules' structures. All the compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity using Agar-well diffusion; compared to the reference drugs such as Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Griseofulvin, the examined compounds demonstrated moderate to good efficacy, with inhibition zone …
Published in International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 30–40 Read article
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Synthesis of Bio-Polymeric Network and Developing UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method for Heavy Metal Ions Removal from Polluted Water by Apple Residues
Abstract: Biosorption is potentially an attractive technology for removing heavy metals from wastewater and discharging heavy metals into an aquatic ecosystem has become a matter of concern all over the globe since the last century. Pollutants from various industrial operations disturb the aquatic systems and heavy metals present in them cause serious human diseases. Previously established methods, such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation, and adsorption are generally costly due …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Fungal-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Fusarium Oxysporum and Their Antimicrobial Evaluation
Abstract: Nanotechnology has shown significant antimicrobial properties in the form of metal nanoparticles like silver, copper, and zinc. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are biosynthesized from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, isolated from infected ginger, which has antibacterial and antifungal properties. The synthesized AgNPs are reddish brown and have a maximum absorbance of 451 nm. The functional groups of AgNPs are investigated using FTIR analysis. SEM-EDX Shows Shape of Particle Spherical-Rod, Size from 6.13 …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Synthesis, Crystal Growth and Characterization of Bismuth Doped Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Crystal (Khp): A Nlo Material
Abstract: To create single crystals using the Slow Evaporation Solution Growth Technique (SEST), equimolar composition of the transition metal (Bi) as Bismuth nitrate is added to Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (KHP) (1:1) at ambient temperature. The following analysis is then performed on the single crystals that have formed. Equimolar doping-induced structural distortion in the crystals is confirmed by the FT-IR Spectra. The TGDTA study reveals the purity of the material and no …
Published in International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 19–27 Read article
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Some Heterocyclic Moieties of Pyrazole Derivatives
Abstract: In a successful trial to synthesize pyrazole derivatives, acetophenone was, first, reacted with phenylhydrazine producing the Schiffs’s base condensation product (E)-1-phenyl-2-(2-phenylethylidene) hydrazine 1. The application of Vilsmeier Haack’s reaction on this product afforded the cyclization product (1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde 2 as a pyrazole derivative in good yield percentage. The treatment of (1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (2) with acetophenone results in the formation of another pyrazole derivative (3), having a chalcone moiety.The chemical structure of newly …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 26–36 Read article
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Synthesis of Fe2(MoO4)3/MoO3 Nanocatalysts by Solution Combustion Approach and Their Catalytic Performance for the Selective Oxidation of Methanol
Abstract: The Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 /MoO 3 nanocatalysts comprising Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 nanoparticles supported on MoO 3 nanorods were synthesized via two-step solution combustion approach and their catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of methanol were evaluated. The materials have been characterised using electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. First, MoO 3 nanoparticles were prepared by solution combustion reaction employing ammonium nitrate as …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 37–47 Read article
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Novel Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Mammalian Cells
Abstract: After synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with sodium citrate as a reducing agent, an extensive examination of their biological activity is conducted. The antibacterial ability of AgNPs' was evaluated using microbial cultures, and the outcomes demonstrated that they significantly suppressed the growth of bacteria. The interactions between AgNPs and biological molecules are then clarified by biochemical experiments, which emphasize the modification of enzyme function and affinity for proteins and nucleic acids. …
Published in International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 48–66 Read article
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SYNTHESIS OF BIOGAS – A REVIEW
Abstract: Energy is universally recognized as one of the most important inputs for economic growth and human development. Every day, in our walks of life we come across food, vegetable wastes and other organic wastes that have huge potential to uplift the society in a better way, when these are transformed into useful bioenergy. To produce bioenergy from biomass one of the better options is to utilize these potential wastes to …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 59–67 Read article
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Research Insight: Microwave Synthesis – An Implement for Green Chemistry
Abstract: Microwave science is the exploration of applying microwave radiation to synthetic responses. Microwaves go about as high recurrence electric fields and will for the most part warmth any material containing versatile electric charges, for example, polar particles in solvent or conducting ions in a solid. Polar solvents are warmed as their segment particles are compelled to turn with the field and lose vitality in impacts. Semiconducting and leading specimens heat …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 8–13 Read article
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Synthesis and characterization of high saline water resistant sulphur composite from petrochemical waste
Abstract: Petrochemical industry produces variety of side products and waste materials like sulphur, spent catalysts, spent adsorbents, etc. These waste materials can be converted to the value-added products by forming their composites with unique properties. For example, sulphur due to its chemical properties like high resistivity to corrosive environment, hydrophobic nature, antifungal property, its composite can be prepared and used in construction industries as a substitute for cement composite material. To …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 64–77 Read article
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Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Ni(II) and Cu(II) Schiff Base Complexes
Abstract: Solvent-assisted mechanochemical reaction was used to synthesize new transition metal complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II) with Schiff base ligand (H2L) obtained from condensation of 2-hydroxy-1- napthaldehyde with 2 aminobenzimidazole. Melting point/decomposition temperature, solubility test, FT-IR, powder x-ray analysis, conductivity measurement, magnetic susceptibility, elemental microanalysis, and UV/VIS spectral investigations were used to characterize the Schiff base and complexes. The complexes are of varied colours and have sharp melting points, and they …
Published in International Journal of Green Chemistry · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 9–18 Read article
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Synthesis, Characterization and Optimization of Essential Oil from Pumpkin Seed
Abstract: The main aim of this research work was extraction, characterization and optimization of essential oil from pumpkin seed, cucurbita pepo variety using ethanol as a solvent. The extraction was carried out by using a Soxhlet, leaching method and oil was separated from solvents by using rotary evaporator. Pumpkin seed was analyzed for proximate analysis and found that moisture content of 5.21 , crude proteins content of 22.50.31%, crude fat content …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 6–27 Read article
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Crystal Growth, Synthesis and Characteristic Studies of Bismuth Doped Tristhioureazinc (II) Sulpate (ZTS) Crystal
Abstract: Potential semi organic tristhioureazinc(II) sulphate (ZTS), One of the best room temperature growth techniques for nonlinear optical materials with high SHG efficiency is slow evaporation solution growth, which produces pure and single crystals for use in laser technology and photonic applications. Single crystals Doping of Bismuth fluoride (equimolar) to ZTS is done during the crystallization process is further analysed by single crystal XRD which infers that the Bismuth doped ZTS …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 45–52 Read article
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Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium exchanged Sodalite
Abstract: Cadmium derivative of chloro sodalite, has been synthesized at low temperature by hydrothermal method. The sodalite is characterized by IR, X-ray powder diffraction and SEM. The Cd derivative was obtained by facile exchange of cadmium for sodium in chloro sodalite using a solution of cadmium nitrate in Teflon autoclaves at 100oC. The IR spectra of parent gallo silicate chloro sodalite and cadmium exchanged chloro sodalites shows three kinds of IR …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2016 Read article
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Synthesis, Spectral and Magnetic Moment Studies of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Hydroxamic Acids with Potassium Hexathiocyanato Vanadium (II) Tetra Hydrate
Abstract: Preparation and characterization of several hydroxamic acids of 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzohydroxamic acids(TMBHA), N-phenyl–3,4,5-trimethoxy benzohydroxamic acid(PTMBHA), 3,4-dimethoxy benzohydroxamic acid(DMBHA) and N-phenyl-3,4-dimethoxy benzohydroxamic acid(PDMBHA) were prepared and reacted with potassium hexathiocynato vandate (II) K4[V(NCS)6].3H2O tetra hydrate. The mixed ligand complexes of hydroxamic acids characterized with the help of repeated melting point identification, by I.R. studies, magnetic moment, molar conductance’s and by elemental analysis (C, H and N). The geometry of complexes were found …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 Read article
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MIXED LIGAND COMPLEXES OF HYDROXAMIC ACIDS WITH POTASSIUM HEXATHIOCYANATO CHROMIUM (III) TETRA HYDRATE
Abstract: Some hydroxamic acids eg.[L1= benzohydroxamic acids (BHA), L2= N-phenyl– benzohydroxamic acid (NPBHA), L3= pivaloyl benzohydroxamic acid (PHA) and L4=N-phenyl-pivaloyl benzohydroxamic acid (PPHA) prepared and reacted with L’=Potassium hexathiocynato chromium (III) tetra hydrate K3[Cr(SCN)6]4H2O.The mixed ligand complexes of hydroxamic acids characterized with the help of repeated melting point, by I.R. studies, magnetic moment, molar conductance and by elemental analysis(C,H and N).The stoichiometry of the complexes were found to be 1:2(M:L) molar …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2016 Read article
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Synthesis, Spectral characterization and biocidal activities of Triphenyl antimony (V) halide and methoxide complexes
Abstract: The schiff base ligands N-mono(salicyclidene)-σ-phenylenediamine (spdH) and N-mono(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalidene)-σ-phenylenediamine (hnpdH) and their triorganoantimony (V) complexes were synthesized by conventional method, were characterized by UV, IR and 1H NMR spectral studies which proposed that in the complexes of the ligands spdH and hnpdH, antimony is seven coordinated and in sp3d3 hybridization state with pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. Keywords: halide, methoxide complexes, triphenylantimony (V)
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2017 Read article
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Chemical Synthesis and Industrial Applications of Catechu
Abstract: Kattha is acquired by crystallization in cold from the water extractives of the heartwood of Acacia catechu. The main constituents of the red heartwood are catechin and catechu tannic acid along with small proportion of brown coloring matter. It also contains tannin, flavotannin, gallotannin, hloratannin etc. (+)-Catechin is a constituent, which decreases the action of some hormones; hence “tyronorman” injected with thyroxin terminates the upsurge in basal metabolism. It has …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 38–42 Read article
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Synthesis of Different types of Heterocycles are used by Claisen rearrangement reaction
Abstract: The Claisen rearrangement is a powerful tool for carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction which was discovered by Rainer Ludwig Claisen. The discovery of the Claisen rearrangement nearly a century ago accessible a potentially useful synthetic tool to the organic chemist. Utility of this rearrangement over the decades has been realized and the reaction has drawn the consideration of numerous research groups, which has been showed in the number of publication on the …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 44–48 Read article