Review On Bipolar Plate Geometric Design and Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

Parthiban Siva Gurunathan; Karthikeyan Subramanian; Venkatesh Kumar Velmurugan

Review On Bipolar Plate Geometric Design and Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

Parthiban Siva Gurunathan, Karthikeyan Subramanian, Venkatesh Kumar Velmurugan | International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines | Vol 11, Issue 02 | pp. 40-56 | ISSN: 2582-290X

Abstract

Abstract

Bipolar plates (BPs) are vital components in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), performing multiple essential functions that directly influence system efficiency, durability, and overall operational performance. They ensure uniform distribution of reactant gases across the active area, provide electrical conductivity between adjacent cells, assist in effective thermal management by dissipating heat generated during electrochemical reactions, and maintain proper sealing to prevent leakage of gases and coolant. Among these roles, the design of flow-field channels within the bipolar plate is particularly significant, as it governs reactant transport, water management, and pressure drop across the cell, thereby impacting fuel cell efficiency, power output, and long-term stability. Recent research has focused on optimizing channel geometries, such as serpentine, parallel, and interdigitated designs, to enhance reactant distribution, mitigate flooding, and minimize pressure losses, while simultaneously addressing durability and cost challenges. Material selection for bipolar plates plays a decisive role in determining stack weight, volume, corrosion resistance, and manufacturing cost which are critical as PEMFC technology advances toward large-scale commercialization for automotive and stationary applications. Advanced materials including coated stainless steel, graphite composites, and polymer-based alternatives are being explored to achieve an optimal balance between electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and economic viability. Computational modeling and simulation techniques are increasingly employed to predict flow behavior, pressure drop, and thermal gradients, enabling faster design iterations and reducing experimental costs. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these developments, emphasizing the interplay between geometric design, material innovation, and simulation-driven optimization in improving PEMFC performance and reliability. By analyzing current trends, unresolved challenges, and future prospects, the study aims to deliver valuable insights into next-generation bipolar plate technologies. These advancements are pivotal for achieving lightweight, high-performance, and cost-effective fuel cell stacks, thereby supporting global efforts toward sustainable energy solutions and accelerating the adoption of hydrogen-based mobility and power systems.

Keywords:Bipolar plate, Fluid flow design, Reactant distribution, Material selection, Surface Coatings, Fuel Cell Commercialization

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References

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Volume 114, Issue 1,2003, Pages 32-53, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00542-6.

Yong Zhang, Zhengkai Tu, Flow-field design of the bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell: Problem, progress, and perspective, Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, Volume 17, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100244.
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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00062-9.

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How to cite this article

APA

Gurunathan, P. S., Subramanian, K., & Velmurugan, V. K. (2025). Review On Bipolar Plate Geometric Design and Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines, 11(02), 40-56.

MLA

Gurunathan, Parthiban Siva, et al. “Review On Bipolar Plate Geometric Design and Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications.” International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines, vol. 11, no. 02, 2025, pp. 40-56.

Chicago

Parthiban Siva Gurunathan, Karthikeyan Subramanian, and Venkatesh Kumar Velmurugan. “Review On Bipolar Plate Geometric Design and Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications.” International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines 11, no. 02 (2025): 40-56.

Vancouver

Gurunathan PS, Subramanian K, Velmurugan VK. Review On Bipolar Plate Geometric Design and Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines. 2025;11(02):40-56.

BibTeX

@article{GurunathanPS2025,
author = {Parthiban Siva Gurunathan and Karthikeyan Subramanian and Venkatesh Kumar Velmurugan},
title = {Review On Bipolar Plate Geometric Design and Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications},
journal = {International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {02},
pages = {40--56},
issn = {2582-290X},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijsmfe/article=22012}
}

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Parthiban Siva Gurunathan, Karthikeyan Subramanian, Venkatesh Kumar Velmurugan | International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines | Vol 11, Issue 02 | pp. 40-56 | ISSN: 2582-290X

Abstract

Abstract

Keywords:Bipolar plate, Fluid flow design, Reactant distribution, Material selection, Surface Coatings, Fuel Cell Commercialization

🔒 This is a subscription article

Full text is available to subscribers and institutional members. Please choose an option below to access it.

Subscribe Purchase this article Institutional / Login access

References

Viral Mehta, Joyce Smith Cooper, Review and analysis of PEM fuel cell design and manufacturing, Journal of Power Sources,

Volume 114, Issue 1,2003, Pages 32-53, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00542-6.

Yong Zhang, Zhengkai Tu, Flow-field design of the bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell: Problem, progress, and perspective, Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, Volume 17, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100244.
Mennola.2015 “Cathode Flow Field Geometry in a PEMFC”, Laboratory of Advanced Energy Systems, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Accessed 07/26/2019 http://www.tkk.fi/Units/AES/papers/papers/mennola01a.pdf
S. Cooper, “Design analysis of PEMFC bipolar plates considering stack manufacturing and environment impact,” J. Power Sources 129(2), 152–169 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.037
Busick D, Wilson M. Development of Composite Materials for Pefc bipolar Plates. MRS Proceedings. 1999; 575:247. doi:1557/PROC-575-247.
Heinzel, F. Mahlendorf, O. Niemzig, C. Kreuz, Injection moulded low cost bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 131, Issues 1–2, 2004, Pages 35-40, ISSN,0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.01.014
Isa Bar-On, Randy Kirchain, Richard Roth, Technical cost analysis for PEM fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 109, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 71-75, ISSN 0378-7753,

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00062-9.

Scholta, B. Rohland, V. Trapp, U. Focken, Investigations on novel low-cost graphite composite bipolar plates, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 84, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 231-234, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00322-5.
Haruki Tsuchiya, Osamu Kobayashi, Mass production cost of PEM fuel cell by learning curve, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 29, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 985-990,

ISSN 0360-3199,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2003.10.011.

Fahim, Karrar & Fayyadh, Ekhlas & Dhahad, Hayder. (2017). Effect of Geometric Design of the Flow Fields Plat on the Performance of A PEM Fuel Cell: A Review. 8.
Wind, A. LaCroix, S. Braeuninger, P. Hedrich, C. Heller, and M. Schudy 2010. [Metal bipolar plates and coatings, in Handbook of Fuel Cells], John Wiley & Sons, Ltd New York.
Hayder Abed Dhahad, A Cognitive Neural Linearization Model Design for Temperature Measurement System based on Optimization Algorithm, Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communication and Control & Systems Engineering, Vo.15, Issue 1, Pages 61-71,2015.
Viral Mehta, Joyce Smith Cooper, Review and analysis of PEM fuel cell design and manufacturing, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 114, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 32-53, ISSN 0378-7753,

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00542-6.

L. Borup and N.E. Vanderborgh, “Design and Testing Criteria for Bipolar Materials for PEM Fuel Cell Applications,” Mat. Res. Soc. Symp.Proc., Vol. 393, pp.151-155 (1995).
O. Mepsted and J.M. Moore, Performance and durability of bipolar plate materials, in: Handbook of Fuel Cells-Fundamentals, Technology and Applications, ed. W Vielstich, H.A. Gasteigner and A. Lamm, John Wiley&Sons, Ltd., 2003, vol.3, PP286-293.
Allen Hermann, Tapas Chaudhuri, Priscila Spagnol, Bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells: A review, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 30, Issue 12, 2005, Pages 1297-1302, ISSN 0360-3199,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.04.016.
G. Sheppard, D. M. Mathes, and D. J. Bray, “Properties and Characteristics of Graphite for Industrial Applications,” Poco Graphite, pp. 5–7, 2001.
Tawfik H., Hung Y., and Mahajan D., Metal bipolar plates for PEM fuel cell-A review, Journal of Power Sources. (2007) 163, no. 2, 755–767, 2-s2.0-33845664015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.088
N. Busick and M. S. Wilson, “Low-cost composite materials for PEFC bipolar plates,” Fuel Cells Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 6–8, 1999.
Cheng, in Bipolar Plates and Plate Materials in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Materials Properties and Performance). ed. by D.P. Wilkinson, et al. (CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, 2010), pp. 305–313.
P. Wilkinson, J. Zhang, R. Hui, J. Fergus, and X. Li, Eds., pp. 307–326, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton,Fla, USA, 2010.
Bin, M. Bingchu, S. Chunhui, and Y. Runzhang, “Study on the electrical and mechanical properties of polyvinylidene fluroide/titanium silicon carbide composite bipolar plates,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 161, no. 2, pp. 997–1001, 2006.
Cunningham, The development of compression moldable polymer composite bipolar plates for fuel cells [Ph.D. dissertation], Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26197
RoBerg K. and Trapp V., W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, and H. A. Gasteiger, Graphite-based bipolar plates, Handbook of Fuel Cells Fundamentals, Technology and Applications, 2003, John Wiley & Sons, 308–314.
Gladczuk, C. Joshi, A. Patel, J. Guiheen, Z. Iqbal, M. Sosnowski, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 756, 423 (2003).

S Shuo-Jen Lee, Ching-Han Huang, Yu-Pang Chen, Investigation of PVD coating on corrosion resistance of metallic bipolar plates in PEM fuel cell, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 140, Issues 1–3, 2003, Pages 688-693, ISSN 0924-0136, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00743-X.
Kumar, R. G. Reddy in “Fundamentals of Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion Proceedings”, Eds. D. Chandra and R. G. Bautista, Seatle, USA, Feb. 17-21, 2002, p. 41.
P Davies, P.L Adcock, M Turpin, S.J Rowen, Stainless steel as a bipolar plate material for solid polymer fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 86, Issues 1–2, 2000, Pages 237-242, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00524-8.
Ma, S. Warthesen, D. A. Shores, J. New Mat. Electrochem. Systems, 3, 221 (2000)
P. Brandon, S. Skinner and B. C. H. Steele, Annual Review of Materials Research, Vol. 33, 2003, pp. 183-213.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.33.022802.094122.

Wang, H., Sweikart, M.A. and Turner, J.A. (2003) Stainless Steel as Bipolar Plate Material for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. Journal of Power Sources, 115, 243-251.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00023-5

S Kim, W.H.A Peelen, K Hemmes, R.C Makkus, Effect of alloying elements on the contact resistance and the passivation behaviour of stainless steels, Corrosion Science, Volume 44, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 635-655, ISSN 0010-938X, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(01)00107-X
J Wind, R Späh, W Kaiser, G Böhm, Metallic bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 105, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 256-260, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00950-8.
Heli Wang, John A. Turner, Ferritic stainless steels as bipolar plate material for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 128, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 193-200, ISSN 0378-7753,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.09.075.

Kumar, R. G. Reddy in “Fundamentals of Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion Proceedings”, Eds. D. Chandra and R. G. Bautista, Seatle, USA, Feb. 17-21, 2002, p. 41.
Shuo-Jen Lee, Ching-Han Huang, Jian-Jang Lai, Yu-Pang Chen,

Corrosion-resistant component for PEM fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 131, Issues 1–2, 2004, Pages 162-168, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.01.008.

Makkus, R.C., Janssen, A.H., De Bruijn, F.A. and Mallant, R.K.A.M. (2000) Use of Stainless Steel for Cost Competitive Bipolar Plates in the SPFC. Journal of Power Sources, 86, 274-282.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00460-7J.

Scholta, B. Rohland, J. Garche in “Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on New Materials for Fuel Cell and Modern Battery Systems II”, Eds. O. Savadogo, P.R. Roberge, Montreal, Canada, July 6-10, 1997, p. 330.
J.C. Cleghorn, X. Ren, T.E. Springer, M.S. Wilson, C. Zawodzinski, T.A. Zawodzinski, S. Gottesfeld, Pem fuel cells for transportation and stationary power generation applications, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 22, Issue 12,

1997, Pages 1137-1144, ISSN 0360-3199, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199(97)00016-5.

X Luo, C Ren, J Song, H Luo, K Xiao, D Zhang, J Hao, Z Deng, C Dong, X Li Design and fabrication of bipolar plates for PEM water electrolyser Journal of Materials Science & Technology, volume 146, p. 19 – 41, 2023
Mark Sulek, Jim Adams, Steve Kaberline, Mark Ricketts, James R. Waldecker, In situ metal ion contamination and the effects on proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 196, Issue 21, 2011, Pages 8967-8972,

ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.086.

Hu Sun, Zhutian Xu, Di Zhang, Linfa Peng, Xinmin Lai, Effects of charge rearrangement on interfacial contact resistance of TiO2/graphite from first-principles calculations, Applied Surface Science, Volume 635, 2023,157640, ISSN 0169-4332,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157640.

Horng-Wen Wu,A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells, Applied Energy, Volume 165, 2016, Pages 81-106, ISSN 0306-2619,

R. Wang, Y. Ma, J. Gao, T. Li, G.Z. Jiang, Z.Y. Sun, Review on water management methods for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 46, Issue 22, 2021, Pages 12206-12229, ISSN 0360-3199,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.211.

Xiaoli Sun, Jiakai Zhang, Weiguo Pan, Wenhuan Wang, Congwei Tang, Research progress in surface strengthening technology of carbide-based coating, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Volume 905, 2022, 164062, ISSN 0925-8388,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164062.

-V. Müller, J. Schwämmlein, Can metallic bipolar plates with low-cost Cr/a-C coating withstand cell reversal events in PEMFCs? Post-coated vs pre-coated BPs, Materials Today Energy, Volume 32, 2023, 101247, ISSN 2468-6069,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2023.101247.

Cabir Turan, Ömer Necati Cora, Muammer Koç, Contact resistance characteristics of coated metallic bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells – investigations on the effect of manufacturing,

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 37, Issue 23, 2012, Pages 18187-18204, ISSN 0360-3199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.09.042.

Cabir Turan, Ömer Necati Cora, Muammer Koç, Investigation of the effects of process sequence on the contact resistance characteristics of coated metallic bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources,

Volume 243, 2013, Pages 925-934, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.182.

Dur, O.N. ¨ Cora, M. Koç, Experimental investigations on the corrosion resistance characteristics of coated metallic bipolar plates for PEMFC, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 36 (12) (2011) 7162–7173.
Ender Dur, Ömer Necati Cora, Muammer Koç, Effect of manufacturing process sequence on the corrosion resistance characteristics of coated metallic bipolar plates, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 246, 2014, Pages 788-799,

ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.036.

Marc-Vincent Müller, Maurizio Giorgio, Philipp Hausmann, Linda Kinlechner, Angelika Heinzel, Jan Schwämmlein, Investigation of the effect of carbon post- vs pre-coated metallic bipolar plates for PEMFCs – start-up and shut-down, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 47, Issue 13,

2022, Pages 8532-8548, ISSN 0360-3199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.12.179.

Joshua D. Heck, Warren S. Vaz, Umit O. Koylu, Ming C. Leu,

Stefanos Tzelepis, Kosmas A. Kavadias, George E. Marnellos, George Xydis, A review study on proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrochemical performance focusing on anode and cathode catalyst layer modelling at macroscopic level, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 151, 2021, 111543, ISSN 1364-0321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111543.
A.S. Woodman, E.B. Anderson, K.D. Jayne, M.C. Kimble, in “Proceedings AESF SUR/FIN ‘99”, Eds. D. Foulke, R. Leeds and F. Lowenheim, Cincinnati, USA, June 21-24, 1999, p. 21.
R. Meissner, M. Irgang, K. Eger, P. Weidlich, H. Dreyer, US patent 5,736,076,7 April, 1998
T. M. Besmann, J. J. Henry, Jr., E. Lara-Curzio, J. W. Klett, D. Haack, K. Butcher, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 756, 415 (2003)
Viral Mehta, Joyce Smith Cooper, Review and analysis of PEM fuel cell design and manufacturing, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 114, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 32-53, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00542-6.
Gladczuk, C. Joshi, A. Patel, J. Guiheen, Z. Iqbal and M. Sosnowski, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 2003, 756, 423–428
Sheikh, S., Reum, M., Wegener, M., Bagcivan, N. et al., "Application of Coated Metallic Bipolar Plate for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell," SAE Technical Paper 2024-26-0172, 2024, https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0172.

How to cite this article

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Chicago

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@article{GurunathanPS2025,
author = {Parthiban Siva Gurunathan and Karthikeyan Subramanian and Venkatesh Kumar Velmurugan},
title = {Review On Bipolar Plate Geometric Design and Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications},
journal = {International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {02},
pages = {40--56},
issn = {2582-290X},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijsmfe/article=22012}
}

Parthiban Siva Gurunathan, Karthikeyan Subramanian, Venkatesh Kumar Velmurugan | International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines | Vol 11, Issue 02 | pp. 40-56 | ISSN: 2582-290X

Abstract

Abstract

Keywords:Bipolar plate, Fluid flow design, Reactant distribution, Material selection, Surface Coatings, Fuel Cell Commercialization

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Shuo-Jen Lee, Ching-Han Huang, Jian-Jang Lai, Yu-Pang Chen,

Corrosion-resistant component for PEM fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 131, Issues 1–2, 2004, Pages 162-168, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.01.008.

Makkus, R.C., Janssen, A.H., De Bruijn, F.A. and Mallant, R.K.A.M. (2000) Use of Stainless Steel for Cost Competitive Bipolar Plates in the SPFC. Journal of Power Sources, 86, 274-282.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00460-7J.

Scholta, B. Rohland, J. Garche in “Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on New Materials for Fuel Cell and Modern Battery Systems II”, Eds. O. Savadogo, P.R. Roberge, Montreal, Canada, July 6-10, 1997, p. 330.
J.C. Cleghorn, X. Ren, T.E. Springer, M.S. Wilson, C. Zawodzinski, T.A. Zawodzinski, S. Gottesfeld, Pem fuel cells for transportation and stationary power generation applications, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 22, Issue 12,

1997, Pages 1137-1144, ISSN 0360-3199, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199(97)00016-5.

X Luo, C Ren, J Song, H Luo, K Xiao, D Zhang, J Hao, Z Deng, C Dong, X Li Design and fabrication of bipolar plates for PEM water electrolyser Journal of Materials Science & Technology, volume 146, p. 19 – 41, 2023
Mark Sulek, Jim Adams, Steve Kaberline, Mark Ricketts, James R. Waldecker, In situ metal ion contamination and the effects on proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 196, Issue 21, 2011, Pages 8967-8972,

ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.086.

Hu Sun, Zhutian Xu, Di Zhang, Linfa Peng, Xinmin Lai, Effects of charge rearrangement on interfacial contact resistance of TiO2/graphite from first-principles calculations, Applied Surface Science, Volume 635, 2023,157640, ISSN 0169-4332,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157640.

Horng-Wen Wu,A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells, Applied Energy, Volume 165, 2016, Pages 81-106, ISSN 0306-2619,

R. Wang, Y. Ma, J. Gao, T. Li, G.Z. Jiang, Z.Y. Sun, Review on water management methods for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 46, Issue 22, 2021, Pages 12206-12229, ISSN 0360-3199,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.211.

Xiaoli Sun, Jiakai Zhang, Weiguo Pan, Wenhuan Wang, Congwei Tang, Research progress in surface strengthening technology of carbide-based coating, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Volume 905, 2022, 164062, ISSN 0925-8388,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164062.

-V. Müller, J. Schwämmlein, Can metallic bipolar plates with low-cost Cr/a-C coating withstand cell reversal events in PEMFCs? Post-coated vs pre-coated BPs, Materials Today Energy, Volume 32, 2023, 101247, ISSN 2468-6069,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2023.101247.

Cabir Turan, Ömer Necati Cora, Muammer Koç, Contact resistance characteristics of coated metallic bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells – investigations on the effect of manufacturing,

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 37, Issue 23, 2012, Pages 18187-18204, ISSN 0360-3199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.09.042.

Cabir Turan, Ömer Necati Cora, Muammer Koç, Investigation of the effects of process sequence on the contact resistance characteristics of coated metallic bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources,

Volume 243, 2013, Pages 925-934, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.182.

Dur, O.N. ¨ Cora, M. Koç, Experimental investigations on the corrosion resistance characteristics of coated metallic bipolar plates for PEMFC, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 36 (12) (2011) 7162–7173.
Ender Dur, Ömer Necati Cora, Muammer Koç, Effect of manufacturing process sequence on the corrosion resistance characteristics of coated metallic bipolar plates, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 246, 2014, Pages 788-799,

ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.036.

Marc-Vincent Müller, Maurizio Giorgio, Philipp Hausmann, Linda Kinlechner, Angelika Heinzel, Jan Schwämmlein, Investigation of the effect of carbon post- vs pre-coated metallic bipolar plates for PEMFCs – start-up and shut-down, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 47, Issue 13,

2022, Pages 8532-8548, ISSN 0360-3199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.12.179.

Joshua D. Heck, Warren S. Vaz, Umit O. Koylu, Ming C. Leu,

Stefanos Tzelepis, Kosmas A. Kavadias, George E. Marnellos, George Xydis, A review study on proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrochemical performance focusing on anode and cathode catalyst layer modelling at macroscopic level, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 151, 2021, 111543, ISSN 1364-0321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111543.
A.S. Woodman, E.B. Anderson, K.D. Jayne, M.C. Kimble, in “Proceedings AESF SUR/FIN ‘99”, Eds. D. Foulke, R. Leeds and F. Lowenheim, Cincinnati, USA, June 21-24, 1999, p. 21.
R. Meissner, M. Irgang, K. Eger, P. Weidlich, H. Dreyer, US patent 5,736,076,7 April, 1998
T. M. Besmann, J. J. Henry, Jr., E. Lara-Curzio, J. W. Klett, D. Haack, K. Butcher, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 756, 415 (2003)
Viral Mehta, Joyce Smith Cooper, Review and analysis of PEM fuel cell design and manufacturing, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 114, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 32-53, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00542-6.
Gladczuk, C. Joshi, A. Patel, J. Guiheen, Z. Iqbal and M. Sosnowski, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 2003, 756, 423–428
Sheikh, S., Reum, M., Wegener, M., Bagcivan, N. et al., "Application of Coated Metallic Bipolar Plate for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell," SAE Technical Paper 2024-26-0172, 2024, https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0172.

How to cite this article

APA

MLA

Chicago

Vancouver

BibTeX

@article{GurunathanPS2025,
author = {Parthiban Siva Gurunathan and Karthikeyan Subramanian and Venkatesh Kumar Velmurugan},
title = {Review On Bipolar Plate Geometric Design and Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications},
journal = {International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines},
year = {2025},
volume = {11},
number = {02},
pages = {40--56},
issn = {2582-290X},
url = {https://journalspub.com/publication/ijsmfe/article=22012}
}

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