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1013 articles for “characterization”
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Predicting User Engagement on Social Media: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning-based Modeling Approaches
Abstract: Abstract Even while mobile social apps are becoming more and more important in people's daily lives, little is known about the elements that motivate users to interact with these apps. The goal of this work is to analyze and define the transition patterns of individual users' in-app actions as a temporally changing action graph. According to our investigation, action graphs are a useful tool for characterizing user behaviour patterns and …
Published in International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 41–62 Read article
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EXAMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS TYPES OFBIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS AND THEIR PROPERTIES IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Abstract: With growing concerns over the environment and with the need for developing sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics, there has been a focused attention towards biodegradable plastics. As such, this paper presents a detailed study and analysis of different types of biodegradable plastics, their properties, and their applications in various industrial sectors. This paper discusses various biodegradable polymers, including PLA, PHA, starch-based bioplastics, and PBS, in terms of their characteristics, production, …
Published in International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 22–37 Read article
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Tall Oil: Production, Applications, Global Market, andFuture Prospects- A Review
Abstract: The global energy demand is experiencing rapid growth due to overpopulation and massive industrialization worldwide. The stringent environmental regulations to minimize fossil fuel reliance have led to a global need to develop renewable and sustainable fuel sources. Hence, industries are increasingly looking towards non-edible oils as natural resources for biofuels, and one such promising feedstock is tall oil, a valuable by-product of the pulping industry obtained through the Kraft process. …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Chemical Engineers at the Nanoscale: MakingNanomaterials That Work
Abstract: The convergence of chemical engineering and nanotechnology has created revolutionary prospects in material design, catalysis, energy storage, and biomedical applications. This article examines the changing responsibilities of chemical engineers in the creation and development of functional nanomaterials – substances designed at the molecular or atomic level to exhibit specific characteristics and functions. The article discusses important synthesis methods such as sol–gel processing, chemical vapor deposition, and self-assembly. It also talks …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 14–27 Read article
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Investigation of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Species of Onion
Abstract: An investigation on the physical and chemical properties of white, red, and brown onions was carried out to assess the potential applications of the different species sampled in this study. The physical properties monitored include refractive index, viscosity, and density. For red onion, the refractive index, viscosity, and density were measured as 1.35322, 1.631 cSt, and 1.1140 g/cm³, respectively. Brown onion exhibited values of 1.3571, 3.045 cSt, and 1.1130 g/cm³, …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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A Study on the Future of Industrial WastewaterTreatment Plant: Trends and Innovations
Abstract: Industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWWTPs) stand at the critical intersection of economic productivity and environmental sustainability. Unlike municipal sources, industrial effluent is characterized by extreme heterogeneity, containing highly variable concentrations of toxic heavy metals, recalcitrant organic compounds, suspended solids, and emerging contaminants. This complexity necessitates bespoke, multistage treatment trains, often combining physical, chemical, and advanced biological methods (e.g., membrane bioreactors, electrochemical oxidation, and anaerobic digestion). This analysis examines the contemporary …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Optimization of Pulse Current TIG Welding Parameters for Enhanced Performance of CompositeAluminum Alloy Joints
Abstract: Abstract Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is highly regarded as the primary welding method, especially for challenging metals like aluminum. Pulsed current TIG welding has been specifically developed for welding aluminum alloys. Composite weld joints of aluminum alloys AA5052 and AA6063 find extensive use in diverse sectors, such as automotive and marine applications, where significant mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are required. It is crucial to carefully select the process …
Published in International Journal of Mechanics and Design · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SEISMIC RESPONSE OF DOUBLE TOWER BUILDING ON A COMMON PODIUM
Abstract: Abstract The recent surge in global population, particularly in urban areas, has led to a significant rise in the demand for tall buildings structures featuring multiple towers on a shared podium. Such complex configurations often result in intricate interactions between towers and podium structures, particularly under lateral loads induced by earthquakes. One of the critical structural behaviours observed in such systems is the backstay effect, which arises due to discontinuities …
Published in International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 9–19 Read article
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Energy-Efficient Building Envelopes: Exploring Bio-Composite as PCM
Abstract: The building sector is a significant contributor to global energy consumption, driving the need for innovative and sustainable energy efficiency solutions. This study investigates the potential of integrating bio-composite phase change materials into building envelopes to improve thermal performance and reduce energy demand. A novel bio-composite phase change material was developed, and its thermal properties, including latent heat capacity and melting temperature, were characterized through laboratory testing. The material was …
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 17–24 Read article
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Analysis of Effect Due to Various Heat Treatment Processes on Morphological and Microstructural Properties of Grey Cast Iron
Abstract: Abstract Grey cast iron, a member of the cast iron family, is defined by the presence of flake graphite in its composition. It displays distinct qualities encompassing strength, hardness, modulus of elasticity, shock absorption, wear resistance, and thermal conductivity. Particularly noteworthy is its exceptional performance in casting, cutting abilities, and its cost-effective casting process. Its primary utilization occurs predominantly within industries, where its durability and adaptable attributes find purpose. The …
Published in International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 16–31 Read article
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Cognitive Metallurgy: A Study on Microstructure and Energy Efficiency in High-Temperature Alloying via Sensor Fusion and Deep Reinforcement Learning
Abstract: Background Traditional high-temperature metallurgical processes, such as continuous casting and specialty alloy synthesis, are characterized by high energy consumption, stochastic variability, and reliance on post-process defect inspection. The inability to precisely monitor, model, and predict the real-time thermal, chemical, and mechanical state of molten metal and cooling substrates results in significant material waste and inconsistent microstructural integrity. Methodology This study introduces a novel framework for Cognitive Metallurgy utilizing an integrated …
Published in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 27–36 Read article
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Experimental Study on Charging Conditions of a Single Component DDT Detonator Using Nickel Hydrazine Nitrate
Abstract: As a salt of a coordination compound of nickel, nickel hydrazine nitrate (NHN) is an energetic substance with characteristics halfway between those of primary and secondary explosives. It is less sensitive to friction and mechanical impact than other primary explosives, although it is highly sensitive to flames. NHN is not very dangerous to handle, but it explodes readily when exposed to flame. This property makes it possible to fabricate safety …
Published in International Journal of Energetic Materials · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Improved Programming Model Using AI: Shifting from Imperative Coding to Declarative Intent
Abstract: The contemporary software development lifecycle is burdened by significant cognitive friction, characterized by high demands for syntax recall, boilerplate management, and painstaking manual debugging. This paper proposes and examines a novel programming model built upon deeply embedded artificial intelligence, moving beyond simple code completion tools to establish a truly intent-based, declarative development environment. The proposed model leverages specialized large language models and domain-specific generative agents (Cognitive Programming Assistants, or CPAs) …
Published in International Journal of Software Computing and Testing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Investigation of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Species of Onion
Abstract: An investigation on the physical and chemical properties of white, red, and brown onions was carried out to assess the potential applications of the different species sampled in this study. The physical properties monitored include refractive index, viscosity, and density. For red onion, the refractive index, viscosity, and density were measured as 1.35322, 1.631 cSt, and 1.1140 g/cm³, respectively. Brown onion exhibited values of 1.3571, 3.045 cSt, and 1.1130 g/cm³, …
Published in International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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Promoting Sustainable Agricultural Practices to Mitigate Nitrate and Pesticide Contamination in Uttar Pradesh Groundwater
Abstract: Groundwater serves as an indispensable resource for human consumption, agriculture, and industry globally, holding particular significance in India, where it supports over 80% of irrigation in states like Uttar Pradesh. However, the intensification of agricultural practices, characterized by the indiscriminate application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, has led to widespread contamination of these vital aquifers. This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of the prevalence, primary sources, and multifaceted impacts of …
Published in International Journal of Agrochemistry · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Environmental Impact of Waste Plastics and the Use of Waste Plastic-Derived Oil in Diesel Engines: A Literature Review
Abstract: Abstract Plastic pollution has become a major global environmental issue, affecting land, water, and living organisms. This review summarizes current research on how waste plastics enter the environment, how they move and break down, and the effects they create in ecosystems and on human health. Special attention is given to the growing problem of microplastics, which continue to accumulate in soil, freshwater bodies, and oceans. The review also discusses recent …
Published in International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 11–17 Read article
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Performance Evaluation of 45kW Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System Using Simulation Techniques
Abstract: AbstractThe Low-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (LT-PEMFC) has gained prominence as a promising solution for clean and efficient energy generation, particularly in the automotive industry, where stringent emission norms and sustainability goals are driving innovation. LT-PEMFC systems offer several inherent advantages, including high energy conversion efficiency, low operational temperature, rapid start-up capability, and compatibility with hydrogen as a renewable fuel source. These characteristics make them attractive for commercial vehicle …
Published in International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 25–39 Read article
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Thermoelectric Energy Recovery from Exhaust Systems: Design, Simulation, and Performance Analysis of a Waste-Heat Recovery Prototype
Abstract: In today’s context, energy plays a vital role in environmental development. Unfortunately, most energy strategies that yield immediate benefits often contribute to long-term environmental degradation. The law of conservation of energy states that “Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change from one form to another.” This idea emphasizes the fact that no technological improvement can continue eternally without having negative effects. Every living thing on the world …
Published in International Journal of Structural Mechanics and Finite Elements · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–21 Read article
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Microstrip Line Fed Capacitively Coupled Patch Antenna for Wireless Application
Abstract: In order to increase the impedance bandwidth for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications, aunique design of a microstrip line-fed, capacitively coupled, corner-truncated microstrip patch antenna isput forth, examined, and optimized in this research. The low profile, light weight, ease of manufacture,and compatibility with printed circuit technologies of microstrip patch antennas are well known.Conventional patch antennas' intrinsically small impedance bandwidth, however, is a significantdisadvantage that reduces their usefulness in broadband …
Published in International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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A Study to Assess the Level of Anemia Among Under Five Children Admitted in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Kuppam, Chittoor District, AP
Abstract: Background: Anemia, characterized by insufficient healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin, poses a significant global public health challenge, particularly affecting preschool-aged children. This condition can lead to tiredness, weakness, and shortness of breath, and in children, it adversely impacts mental, physical, and social development. Globally, a substantial proportion of preschool children suffer from anemia, with prevalence varying across regions. In India, anemia in children remains a major concern, with national …
Published in International Journal of Pediatric Nursing · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 20–25 Read article